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        <DIV id=efpContent><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五台山位于中国山西省东北部，距省会太原市</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">230</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里。与四川峨嵋山、安徽九华山、浙江普陀山共称&ldquo;中国佛教四大名山&rdquo;。是中国佛教及<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>胜地，列中国十大避暑名山之首。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2009</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年被联合国教科文组织以文化景观列入世界遗产名录。朝鲜也有一座五台山。淮剧《五台山》则是传统剧目，为连本剧《杨家将》中的一折戏。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地理</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五台山位于山西省东北部，忻州市五台县和繁峙县之间，西南距省会太原市</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">240</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里。与浙江普陀山、安徽九华山、四川峨嵋山、共称&ldquo;中国佛教四大名山&rdquo;。与尼泊尔蓝毗尼花园、印度鹿野苑、菩提伽耶、拘尸那迦并称为世界五大佛教圣地，或者世界五大佛教名山</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。五台山所在的山西处于黄土高原，地旱树稀，视野里整整一个是土黄色的世界，可以称为金色世界；峨眉海拔很高，山顶积雪，可谓银色世界；东方琉璃世界系药师佛的净土，药师佛即药师琉璃光如来佛的简称，据佛经记载药师琉璃光佛手持药钵，医治一切众生之病源和无名痼疾，药师佛的十二大愿中，其中最令人瞩目的一条是&ldquo;除一切众生病，令身心安乐。&rdquo;药师佛还有两个化身：一是药树王，二是如意珠王。药师佛的济世本愿和化身从一个侧面呼应了大乳山<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>度假区的&ldquo;福地养生&rdquo;的主题。结合福地养生理念，以琉璃为主要的建筑材料，体现其玲珑剔透的特性，展现了一个晶莹剔透的琉璃光世界。九华山纬度低，不会太冷，一年四季都可去。普陀山也是，不过最好在春季，万木发陈之时。五台山最好在夏季，其他季节会很冷。峨眉山高，景点多在高处，因此也是夏季去最宜，但四季相差不太大。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山属太行山系的北端，跨忻州市繁峙县、代县、原平市、定襄县、五台县，周五百余里。中心地区台怀镇，距五台县城</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">78</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里、繁峙县砂河镇</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">48</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里、忻州市</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">150</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里、山西省会太原市</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">240</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里。在北纬</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">38</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&deg;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">50'</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">39</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&deg;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">05'</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、东经</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">113</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&deg;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">29'</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">113</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&deg;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">44'</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之间，由一系列大山和群峰组成。其中五座高峰，山势雄伟，连绵环抱，方圆达</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">250</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里，总面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">592.88</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方公里。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山是地球上最早露出水面的升迁陆地之一。它的孕育，可以追溯到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">26</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿年前的太古代。到震旦纪时期，又经历了著名的&ldquo;五台隆起&rdquo;运动，形成了华北地区最雄浑壮伟的山地。第四纪时期，冰川覆盖了五台山，留下了弥足珍贵的冰缘地貌。五台山地层完整丰富，特别是前寒武系地层典型奇特，是全国地质科考的重点地区。五台山境内的绝大部分地层组段，都是以本地区的山、水、村、镇命名的，它们在地质学领域具有重要的位置和作用。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山最低处海拔仅</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">624</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，最高处海拔达</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3061.1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，为华北最高峰，有&ldquo;华北屋脊&rdquo;之称。台顶雄旷，层峦叠嶂，峰岭交错，挺拔壮丽，大自然为其造就了许多独特的景观。五台山气候寒冷，又被称作&ldquo;清凉山&rdquo;。全年平均气温为零下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月最热，分别为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9.5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8.5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月份最冷，平均气温零下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18.8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度。台怀地区比台顶早一个月入春，迟一个月入秋，温度相差</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度左右，全年平均气温</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度，最低气温零下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度，最高气温为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度。台怀地区夏季空中云层较低，湿度大，常有雨水。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五台山奇峰灵崖随处皆是，著名者达五十余处。其中写字崖，用水洒湿以后，拿手帕仔细拭擦，崖面会显示出类似篆隶体字迹，水干字隐。有人曾除去表皮石层，结果下层仍能擦出字来。层层有字，字字不同。据载曾发现过&ldquo;天之三宝日月星，地之三宝水火风，人之三宝精气神&rdquo;的联句。五台山方圆约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">320</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里，因五峰如五根擎天巨柱拔地而起、</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巍然矗立，峰顶平坦如台，故名五台。又因山上气候多寒，盛夏仍不见炎暑，故又别称清凉山。是一个融自然风光、古建艺术、历史文物、佛教文化、民俗风情、避暑休养为一体的<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>区。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1982</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，五台山以山西五台山风景名胜区的名义，被国务院批准列入第一批国家级风景名胜区名单，历年来获得了&ldquo;国家重点风景名胜区&rdquo;、&ldquo;中华十大名山&rdquo;之一、&ldquo;国家地质公园&rdquo;、&ldquo;国家自然与文化双遗产&rdquo;、&ldquo;国家</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">AAAAA</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">级<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>景区&rdquo;、&ldquo;世界遗产&rdquo;等荣誉。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山由古老结晶岩构成，北部切割深峻，五峰耸立，峰顶平坦如台，故称五台︰东台望海峰、西台挂月峰、南台锦绣峰、北台叶斗峰、中台翠岩峰。五峰之外称台外，五峰之内称台内，台内以台怀镇为中心。五台周长约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">250</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里，总面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2837</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方公里。五台之中以北台最高，北台顶海拔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3061.1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，有&ldquo;华北屋脊&rdquo;之称。山中气候寒冷，台顶终年有冰，盛夏天气凉爽，故又称清凉山，为避暑胜地。五台山自然植被以草地为主，由草甸、草原、灌丛构成，是优良的夏季牧场。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">佛教</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五台山是中国佛教寺庙建筑最早地方之一。自东汉永平</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(58</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">75)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年间起，历代修造的寺庙鳞次栉比，佛塔摩天，殿宇巍峨，金碧辉煌，是中国历代建筑荟萃之地。雕塑、石刻、壁画、书法遍及各寺，均具有很高的艺术价值。唐代全盛时期，五台山共有寺庙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">300</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">馀座，经历几次变迁，寺庙建筑遭到破坏。目前台内外尚有寺庙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">47</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座。其中佛光寺和南禅寺是中国现存最早的两座木结构建筑。显通寺</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">灵鷲寺</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、塔院寺、菩萨顶、殊像寺、罗睺寺被列为「五台山五大禅处」。台怀镇是寺庙集中分布的地方，是五台山佛事活动和经济生活的中心。相传五台山是文殊师利菩萨讲经弘法的场所。历史上，印度、尼泊尔、朝鲜、日本、蒙古、斯里兰卡等国的佛教信徒，来此朝圣求法的甚多。是当今中国唯一兼有汉地佛教和藏传佛教的佛教道场。每逢盛夏，海内外游人香客前来游览观光、烧香拜佛、络绎不绝。每年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月举行盛大的骡马交易大会，进行物资交流、文艺会演和消夏避暑。台怀镇人口</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10525(2000)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山是驰名中外的佛教胜地，是大智文殊师利菩萨的道场，而五台山又以建寺历史悠久和规模宏大，而居佛教四大名山之首&mdash;&mdash;故有金五台之称，在日本、印度、斯里兰卡、缅甸、尼泊尔等国享有盛名。五台山寺庙始建于汉明帝时期，唐代因&ldquo;文殊信仰&rdquo;的繁盛，寺院多达</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">360</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多座。清代，随着喇嘛教传入五台山，出现了各具特色的青、黄二庙。五台山五座台顶合围的地区，称为台内，其外围则称台外。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圣地历史创建述略</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　传说五台最早是道家的地盘，《道经》里称五台山为紫府山，曾建有紫府庙。《清凉山志》称佛教的文殊菩萨初来中国时，居于石盆洞中，而石盆在道家的玄真观内，这说明当时五台山为道家所居。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　佛教最初传入我国时，只有少数人奉行。公元前二年，大月氏国（原居我国新疆西部伊犁河流域的少数民族，西迁中亚后建立的国家）国王的使者伊存来到当时中国的首都长安（即今西安），他口授佛经给一个名叫卢景的博士弟子，这是中国史书上关于佛教传入中国的最早记录。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　佛教传入五台山，普遍的说法是始于东汉。史籍记载，永平十年（公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">67</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年）十二月，汉明帝派往西域求法的使者同两位印度高僧迦叶摩腾和竺法兰来到洛阳。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　永平十一年在洛阳城西雍门外御道之南，建造一座僧院以供这两位印度高僧居住。为纪念白马负经（《四十二章经》）输像（佛像）之功，因名白马寺。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　永平十一年，迦叶摩腾、竺法兰从洛阳来到了五台山（当时叫清凉山）。由于山里很早就有阿育王的舍利塔，再加上五台山又是文殊菩萨演教和居住的地方，他二人想在此建寺，但由于当时五台山是道教根据地，他二人颇受排挤，因此奏知汉明帝。汉朝廷为辨别佛教与道教的优劣高下，让僧人与道士表演、说明、验证，因此双方达成协议&mdash;&mdash;约期焚经，以别真伪（相传，焚经地点在今西安焚经台）。焚经的结果，道教经文全部焚毁，佛教经文却完好如初，故他二人获得建寺的权利。台内山多地广，河流纵横，何处适合建寺？《清凉山志》载：&ldquo;在大塔左侧，有释迦牟尼佛所遗足迹，其长一尺六寸，广六寸，千幅轮相，十指皆现&rdquo;。相传他二人不仅发现此足迹，而且还发现佛&ldquo;舍利&rdquo;，此外，营坊村这座山的山势奇伟，气象非凡，和印度的灵鹫山（释迦牟尼佛修行处）相似。由于这三种原因，故决定在此建寺。寺院落成后，以其山形命名为灵鹫寺。汉明帝刘庄为了表示信佛，乃加&ldquo;大孚&rdquo;（即弘信的意思）两字，因而寺院落成后的全名是大孚灵鹫寺。大孚灵鹫寺是现今显通寺的前身。从那时起，五台山开始成为中国佛教的中心，五台山的大孚灵鹫寺与洛阳白马寺同为中国最早的寺院。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">历史发展高峰</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　南北朝时期，五台山佛教的发展出现第一个高潮。北魏孝文帝对灵鹫寺进行规模较大的扩建，并在周围兴建了善经院、真容院等十二个寺院。北齐时，五台山寺庙猛增到二百余座。到了隋朝，隋文帝又下诏在五个台顶各建一座寺庙。即东台望海寺、南台普济寺、西台法雷寺、北台灵应寺、中台演教寺。也因为五台山是文殊菩萨演教的地方，所以这五个台顶上的寺庙均供奉文殊菩萨，但五个文殊的法号不同：东台望海寺供聪明文殊、南台普济寺供智慧文殊、西台法雷寺供狮子吼文殊、北台灵应寺供无垢文殊、中台演教寺供孺童文殊。从此以后，凡到五台山朝拜的人，都要到五个台顶寺庙里礼拜，叫做朝台。此时，五台山之名已在北齐史籍中大量出现。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尊胜寺塔</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 盛唐时期，五台山佛教的发展出现了第二个高潮。这个期间据《古清凉传》，全山寺院多达三百所，有僧侣三千余人。此时的五台山，不仅是我国著名的佛教名山之一，而且是名符其实的佛教圣地了，被誉为我国佛教四大名山之首。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山成为佛教圣地，并在中外佛教界发生重大影响，是从唐代开始的。有唐一代是五台山佛教发展史上的一个关键时期。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　李唐王朝起兵太原而有天下，所以视五台山为&ldquo;祖宗植德之所&rdquo;。李渊在起兵反隋时，就对佛教许下大愿，如果当上皇帝，一定大弘三宝。武德二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">619</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）李渊便在京师集聚高僧，立十大德，管理僧尼事务。唐太宗即位后，重兴译经事业，使波罗颇迦罗蜜多罗主持，又度僧三千人，并在旧战场各地建造寺院。贞观九年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">635</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），太宗下诏曰：&ldquo;五台山者，文殊必宅，万圣幽栖，境系太原，实我祖宗植德之所，切宜祗畏。&rdquo;&ldquo;是年，台山建十刹，度增数百。&rdquo;</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　武则天在争夺皇位的斗争中，非常重视佛教的作用。长寿二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">693</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），名僧菩提流志等呈上新译《宝雨经》，称菩萨现女身，为武则天上台大造舆论。证圣元年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">695</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），武后命菩提流志和实叉难陀重新翻译《华严经》。圣历二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">699</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）译毕。新译《华严经》说：&ldquo;东北方有处，名清凉山。从昔以来，诸菩萨众于中止住。现有菩萨名文殊师利，与其眷属诸菩萨众一万人，俱常在其中而演说法。&rdquo;长安二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">702</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），武则天自称&ldquo;神游五顶（清凉五台山的五大高峰）&rdquo;，敕命重建五台山的代表寺院清凉寺。竣工后，命大德感法师为清凉寺住持，并封其为&ldquo;昌平县开国公，食邑一千户，主掌京国僧尼事。&rdquo;</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　这是五台山在全国佛教界取得统治地位的发端，也是五台山在封建统治者的利用和主持下，发展成为名山圣地的开始。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　据记载，唐代自太宗至德宗，&ldquo;凡九帝，莫不倾仰灵山，留神圣境，御札天衣，每光五顶，中使香药，不断岁时，至于百辟归崇，殊帮赍供，不可悉记矣。&rdquo;显而易见，从唐太宗到唐德宗，都对五台山佛教给予极大的支持和扶助。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　从佛教经典来看，除新译《华严经》说文殊菩萨住处&ldquo;名清凉山&rdquo;外，《佛说文殊师利宝藏陀罗尼经》也云：&ldquo;佛告金刚密迹王言：我灭度后，于此南赡部州东北方，有国名大震那，其中有山名五顶，文殊童子游行居住，为诸众生于中说法。&rdquo;</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　由于佛教经典中所说的文殊菩萨住处&mdash;&mdash;&ldquo;清凉山&rdquo;&ldquo;五顶山&rdquo;，同五台山的地形、气候、环境，极为相似，所以，中外佛教徒便把五台山这个&ldquo;五峰耸出&rdquo;&ldquo;曾无炎暑&rdquo;的自然场所，当作是他们虚幻世界里的文殊菩萨住地了。五台山由此驰名中外，显赫于世，成为佛教徒竞相朝礼的圣地。不言而喻，五台山是借助于李唐王朝的强盛而成为圣地、名扬中外的。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　在唐代，佛教备受推崇，文殊菩萨尤其为佛教徒所尊崇。当时国家规定，全国所有寺院的斋堂，都必须供奉文殊菩萨圣像。由于朝野都尊奉文殊菩萨，视五台山为佛教圣地，所以五台山空前隆盛，名僧辈出，澄观就是一个突出的代表。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　澄观，（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">738</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">839</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），俗姓夏侯，字大休，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人。十一岁，在应天宝林寺出家，十四岁得度，三十九岁时，&ldquo;誓游五台，一一巡礼。&rdquo;在遍访五台山名刹胜迹之后，留居大华严寺研习《华严经》，在寺中主讲《华严经》五年。后来，澄观觉得&ldquo;华严旧疏，旨约文繁。&rdquo;于是，&ldquo;旦暮策怀，思惟造疏。&rdquo;唐德宗兴元元年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">784</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）四月八日，澄观谢绝交游，在大华严寺制疏阁重新注疏《华严经》。至德宗贞元三年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">787</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）十一月五日，历时三年多，终于著述出《大方广佛华严经疏》六十卷。唐代宗时，澄观被代宗&ldquo;事以师礼&rdquo;。唐德宗又尊其为&ldquo;教授和尚&rdquo;，&ldquo;诏受镇国大师号，进天下大僧录。&rdquo;宪宗即位，&ldquo;敕有司别铸金印，迁赐僧统清凉国师之号，统冠天下缁僧，主教门事。&rdquo;&ldquo;穆宗、敬宗咸仰巨休，悉封大照国师。文宗太和五年，帝受心戒于师。开成元年，帝以师百岁寿诞，赐农财食味，加封大统国师。&rdquo;&ldquo;中外台铺重臣，咸以八戒礼而师之&rdquo;。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　澄观&ldquo;生历九朝，为七帝师&rdquo;，于唐文宗开成四年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">839</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）卒，寿一百零二。唐文宗&ldquo;特辍朝三日&rdquo;，命&ldquo;重臣缟素&rdquo;，隆重葬之。被尊为&ldquo;华严宗第四代祖师&rdquo;。有唐一代，五台山名僧辈出，这也是五台山佛教圣地形成的一个重要标志。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山佛教圣地形成的另一标志，是佛教寺院的大规模兴建和僧侣人数的增加。在唐代，五台山见诸记载的佛寺就有七十余所，其规模都十分宏伟。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　随着佛寺的兴建和扩大，五台山的僧侣人数亦日益增多。唐德宗贞元年间，合山僧尼达万人之众。寺院的兴旺发展引起对社会政治、经济的重大负面影响，唐文宗遂于会昌五年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">854</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）下诏废佛，命令拆毁寺字，勒令僧尼还俗。综计全国拆毁大小寺庙四万四千六百余所，僧尼还俗二十六万余人，收回土地数千万顷。五台山亦不例外，僧侣散尽，寺庙被毁。唐宣宗即位，又再兴佛教。政府规定五台山的僧数仍达&ldquo;五千僧&rdquo;。实际上，加上私度和游方僧，要比&ldquo;五千僧&rdquo;多得多。纵观历代五台山的僧侣人数，以唐代为最多。寺庙林立，僧侣若云，这也是唐代五台山佛教圣地形成的一个标志。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　唐代五台山佛教圣地形成的另一个标志，是外国佛教徒对五台山的无限景仰和竞相朝礼。唐朝经济繁荣，国势强盛，在国际上声望甚高，是亚洲各国经济文化交流的中心。随着国际交往的扩大，五台山还受到印度、日本、朝鲜和斯里兰卡等国佛教徒的景仰。朝礼五台山和到五台山求取佛经、佛法的外国僧侣很多。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五台山佛像</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山有浩如烟海的佛像，数量多达</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余尊，不仅有佛、菩萨、罗汉、胁侍、供养人、护法神，而且还有儒教、道教、地方宗教、帝王将相、僧侣居士等。这里的佛像分为八种类型：泥塑，金属，石刻，木雕，烧瓷，脱纱，刺绣，画像。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名称由来</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　大多数到过五台山的人，通常只是到了以五台县台怀镇为中心的历史悠久、规模宏大的寺院群。而真正意义上的五台山实际上是指五台县的五座相互连接环绕、挺拔秀丽的山峰。它们分别是：东台望海峰、西台挂月峰、南台锦绣峰、北台叶斗峰和中台翠岩峰。由于五山峰海拔均在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米以上，因此除了一些虔诚的佛教徒能够登临五峰台顶朝拜文殊菩萨外，很少有人能够到达五台。也是由于台怀镇寺院群分布在五座山峰之间，因此，人们通常就把到过台怀镇视为去过五台山了。　</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　五台山原先并不叫五台山，而是叫紫府山，也称作五峰山道场。这里曾是道士们修行的地方。到了东汉永平</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">68</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，天竺</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今印度</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高僧迦叶摩腾、竺法兰从洛阳白马寺来到五峰山一带，认为这里是文殊菩萨讲经说法的道场，于是就想在这里建筑寺院，供奉文殊菩萨。可是这里的道士并不同意，最后由汉明帝在洛阳白马寺主持，举行道士与两位高僧的赛法，结果两位高僧获胜。从此，佛教界在台怀镇一带就取得了建筑佛教寺院的权利，所建的第一座寺院就是如今的显通寺。从此，历经各个朝代的修建、扩建，以台怀镇为中心的寺院最多时曾达到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">360</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多座，直到今天还保留着</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">100</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多座。因此，五台山也就以其佛教寺院历史悠久、规模宏大位于全国佛教四大名山之首。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　至于五峰山更名为五台山，这里面还有一段鲜为人知的故事。据传说，远古时代的五峰山一带气候异常恶劣，常年酷暑，当地百姓苦不堪言，时逢文殊菩萨在那里讲经说法，见到黎民百姓的疾苦，深表同情，于是发大愿拯救百姓脱离苦海。文殊菩萨装扮成一个化缘的和尚，行程万里到东海龙王那里寻求帮助。他在龙宫门口发现了一块能散发凉风的巨大青石，于是便把它带了回来。当他把那块大青石（东海龙王的歇龙宝石）放置在五峰山一道山谷里时，刹那间，那里一下就变成了草丰水美、清凉无比的天然牧场。此后，那条山谷也被起名叫做清凉谷。人们在山谷里建了一座寺院，将那清凉石圈在院内。为此，五峰山又名清凉山。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　后来，隋文帝听说此事后，便下诏在五座山峰的台顶各建一座寺院供奉文殊菩萨。即东台顶的聪明文殊，西台顶的狮子吼文殊，南台顶的智慧文殊，北台顶的无垢文殊，中台顶的孺童文殊。在东台顶能看日出，西台顶能赏明月，南台顶能观山花，北台顶能望瑞雪。这就是五台山的由来。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文化景观遗产</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2009" month="6" day="26" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span style="font-size: larger"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2009</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">26</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，五台山被正在西班牙召开的第</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">33</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">届世界遗产委员会会议作为文化景观列入《世界遗产名录》。至此，中国已有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">38</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处世界遗产，其中文化遗产</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">27</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处，自然遗产</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处，文化和自然混合遗产</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处。五台山成为继庐山之后的中国第二个被作为&ldquo;文化景观&rdquo;列入《世界遗产名录》的景点。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　据介绍，此次申报的五台山项目内容包括从公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪（中国北魏、唐、宋、元、明、清）的佛教建筑及独特的圣山环境景观，反映了各个时期建筑艺术和技术的杰出成就和特点，悠久的佛教文化传统，以及人与自然的和谐统一。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　据国家文物局介绍，世界遗产委员会一致认为，五台山符合世界遗产第（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">II</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">III</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">IV</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">VI</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）等</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条标准，遗产保存和保护管理状况良好，具有高度的真实性和完整性，决定将其作为文化景观列入《世界遗产名录》。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　香港生态地理研究会会长兼国际环境和生态文化研究中心研究员董斌先生认为，五台山之所以被成功入列世界文化景观遗产名录，因其具有以下符合世界遗产第（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">II</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">III</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">IV</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">VI</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）等四条标准的如下六大突出特点：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，五台山人文景观代表了中国人民创造性天才在宗教文化信仰领域的杰出成就的显示</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，五台山宗教建筑与人文景观显示出其作为中华大地一处重要的承载俗世价值观和宗教价值观交汇意义的巨大人文建筑与自然景观的载体，显示了亚洲宗教景观和建筑文化超越时间和人文领域的对建筑艺术和建筑技术的巨大影响，以及亚洲宗教圣地对于山区规划和景观设计方面的巨大成绩</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，五台山宗教文明以其独特的文化景观印证了传统宗教与世俗文明正在不断的和谐共融，彰显了在现代人文化文明生活中宗教文明具有人文与景观建设方面的巨大的意义与发展前景</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，五台山显示了她在中国历史上甚至人类文明历史上的重要发展阶段，在东方宗教文明方面是作为建筑设计、建筑技术和人文景观综合性集大成的一个杰出的例证。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，五台山宗教文明显示了人类在传统的宗教解决和土地使用方面作为一个杰出的实在的例证，在具有代表性的强势信仰与宗教文化方面，以及人类与环境的相互作用中，特别是在当下精神弱势的人类世界影响下，作为宗教人文景观的不可逆转的变化趋势</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，五台山在中华以及世界文明历史上，直接和明显地在历史生活事件和宗教传统，思想，信仰，艺术和文学作品中的突出的体现方面，具有普遍的价值和意义。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　董斌先生认为，五台山作为文化和自然景观成功入列世界遗产名录，成为中国第</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">38</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个世界遗产地和第二个世界文化景观，不仅具有巨大的人文价值更具有巨大的时代精神价值和历史文化意义。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五台山申遗大事记</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1999</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，五台山申遗逐渐进入景区管理者议事日程。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2002</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，首次邀请国内遗产专家来山西就遗产资源进行实地考察、评估。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，申遗工作正式启动，成立了由国内省内自然与文化遗产专家组成的申遗专家组，进行了系统的资源评估，并确定以申报自然与文化双遗产为主。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2005</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，成立了由省长为组长，省级相关厅、局为成员，建设厅为牵头单位的申报世界遗产领导组，统一协调，组织遗产申报的全面工作。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，被国家建设部授予&ldquo;中国国家自然与文化遗产地&rdquo;称号，顺利进入世界遗产提名地名录。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2007</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，按照世界遗产组织的要求，在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个寺院以及台顶的核心区进行了集中整治和新区服务基地建设。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2008</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，申报文本正式上报世界遗产中心，经遗产专家委员会通过文本审核后，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日至</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日世界遗产中心委托国际自然资源保护联盟专家和国际古迹遗址理事会专家进行了实地考察、评估。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2009</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">26</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，北京时间下午</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">36</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分，在西班牙塞维利亚举行的第</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">33</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">届世界遗产大会上，五台山被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。</span></span></p>
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